Sashen Kula da Motocin Lantarki na PUMBAA (MCU) PMC20A

(1) Aikin canza makamashi. Gano dawo da makamashin birki don inganta kewayon abin hawa;

(2) Aikin aiwatar da karfin juyi. Mai sarrafa yana aika ƙimar karfin juyi mara kyau ga mai sarrafa motar don rage ɓarnar makamashi;

(3) Aikin fitarwa mai aiki. Babban ƙarfin capacitor mai ƙarfin kansa na dogon lokaci zai sami haɗarin aminci mai ƙarfi;

(4) Aikin kariyar tsaro. Tsarin mota tare da gano kurakurai, tunatar da kurakurai, sarrafa kurakurai da sauran ayyukan kariyar tsaro;

(5) Aikin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa ta CAN mai sauri. Ingantaccen fahimtar sashin sarrafa motar lantarki da dabarun aikin motar gaba ɗaya, kula da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin motar don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na motar.

A cikin sabbin motocin makamashi (NEVs), Sashin Kula da Motoci (MCU), wanda kuma aka sani da "inverter" ko "tsarin kula da wutar lantarki," yana ɗaya daga cikin "abubuwan asali guda uku" (batir, mota, da tsarin kula da wutar lantarki). Ayyukansa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ƙwarewar tuƙi na abin hawa, amfani da makamashi, da amincinsa. Babban aikin MCU shine ya canza fitowar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki (DC) daidai daga batirin wutar lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki mai matakai uku (AC) da injin tuƙi ke buƙata. Hakanan yana daidaita saurin motar da ƙarfin juyi bisa ga umarni daga Sashin Kula da Abin Hawa (VCU), ta haka yana sarrafa hanzarin abin hawa, raguwar gudu, da aikin gudu mai ɗorewa. Ana iya raba ƙa'idar aikinta zuwa manyan matakai guda huɗu: "karɓar sigina - canza kuzari - tuƙi na mota - ra'ayin matsayi."

1. Karɓar Sigina: Karɓar Umarnin Sarrafa Motoci

A lokacin aikin abin hawa, ana fara aika shigarwar direba (misali, matsayin pedal mai hanzartawa) zuwa VCU. VCU yana ƙididdige ƙarfin juyi/gudun da injin ke buƙata bisa ga sigogi kamar buɗe pedal mai hanzartawa, saurin abin hawa, yanayin caji na baturi (SOC), da matsayin gear. Sannan yana aika wannan umarni zuwa MCU ta hanyar bas ɗin Controller Area Network (CAN).

2. Canza Makamashi: Canza DC zuwa AC

Batirin wutar lantarki yana fitar da DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa (yawanci 300V–800V), yayin da injinan tuƙi na NEV (masu haɗakar maganadisu na dindindin) ke buƙatar AC mai matakai uku don aiki. Wannan juyawa ana yin ta ne ta hanyar "da'irar inverter ta MCU," wacce ke tsakiya akan "da'irar inverter gada mai matakai uku" wacce ta ƙunshi IGBTs shida (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) - biyu a kowane mataki (hannun gada na sama da na ƙasa). Kowane IGBT yana aiki azaman "maɓallin sarrafawa." Babban guntu na sarrafawa na MCU yana fitar da siginar PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) don daidaita daidai lokacin kunnawa/kashewa da zagayowar aiki na IGBTs shida. Misali, kunna hannun gadar sama IGBT na Mataki na A yayin da ake kashe hannun gadar ƙasa, da kuma kunna hannun gadar ƙasa IGBT na Mataki na B yayin da ake kashe hannun gadar sama, yana samar da madauki na yanzu tsakanin Mataki na A da B. Ta hanyar sarrafa jerin watsawa na IGBTs a cikin Mataki na A, B, da C ta hanyar zagaye, MCU yana samar da AC mai matakai uku masu daidaitawa (tare da mitar da ke tantance saurin mota da kuma girman da ke tantance ƙarfin juyi).

(MCU)

3. Tukin Mota: Aikin Injin AC Mai Ƙarfi

AC mai matakai uku da da'irar inverter ke samarwa ana shigar da shi kai tsaye cikin na'urorin stator na injin tuƙi. Wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin na'urorin stator suna ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu mai juyawa, wanda ke tura rotor ya juya ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan yana canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin injiniya, wanda daga nan ake watsa shi zuwa ƙafafun ta hanyar na'urar ragewa da shaft ɗin tuƙi, a ƙarshe yana tura abin hawa.

4. Ra'ayin Yanayi: Kula da Rufe-Madauki da Kariyar Tsaro

MCU ba wai kawai tana "ba da umarni sau ɗaya ba"; tana amfani da tsarin kula da madauki na rufewa na "tarin bayanai na firikwensin → daidaita martani" don tabbatar da cewa injin yana aiki kamar yadda aka nufa yayin da yake hana kurakurai. Na'urori masu auna zafin jiki suna tattara kwararar lokaci na ainihin lokaci, na'urori masu auna ƙarfin lantarki suna sa ido kan ƙarfin bas, kuma na'urori masu auna zafin jiki suna sa ido kan yanayin zafin jiki na IGBT da injin. Babban guntu na sarrafawa yana kwatanta "ainihin halin yanzu/gudun" da "halin yanzu/gudun manufa." Idan aka sami karkacewa, yana daidaita siginar PWM na IGBTs a ainihin lokaci don gyara sigogin fitarwa na AC, daidaita karfin juyi da saurin. Idan aka gano siginar da ba ta dace ba (misali, yawan wutar lantarki, yawan zafin jiki da ya wuce kima), MCU yana haifar da matakan kariya kamar rage ƙarfin fitarwa, yanke fitarwa na IGBT, ko bayar da rahoton kurakurai ga VCU, hana lalacewar injin ko MCU da kuma tabbatar da amincin tuƙi.

(MCU)

Kammalawa

NEV MCU wani tsari ne mai matuƙar kyau wanda ya haɗa da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙananan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki, ka'idar sarrafawa, da fasahar sarrafa zafi. A matsayinsa na mai amfani da na'urar inverter mai wayo, yana amfani da algorithms masu rufewa waɗanda ke sarrafa vector don daidaita canjin semiconductors masu amfani da wutar lantarki (IGBTs/SiCs), yana canza batirin DC zuwa AC mai sarrafawa don tuƙa motar da kuma ba da damar dawo da makamashi mai inganci. Ci gaba cikin sauri a fasahar MCU - kamar juyin halitta daga IGBTs zuwa kayan SiC masu inganci mafi girma - ya ba NEVs na zamani damar cimma ingantaccen aikin hanzartawa, ƙwarewar tuƙi mai santsi, da kuma faɗaɗa kewayon.