Wutar Lantarki ta PUMBAA don motocin lantarki PPS550

Haɗin wutar lantarki mai haɗaka sosai

Tsarin matakin mota, mai jituwa da ASIL

Goyi bayan V2L, V2G, V2V da sauran buƙatun yanayi da yawa

Ƙaramin ƙira da haske, aikin fasaha mai ɗorewa da kuma ingantaccen aiki

Hanyar sanyaya ruwa mai sanyaya, watsa zafi cikin sauri, hana ƙura da ƙarancin hayaniya

Ayyukan kariya da yawa kamar EMC, juriyar ƙarfin lantarki, rufi, girgiza da kariyar lantarki

Rarrabawa da kuma kula da na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki na dukkan abin hawa ta hanyar dukkan sashin kula da abin hawa don tabbatar da amincin kowane tsarin

● Tsarin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi
Manyan sassan suna amfani da kayan aikin mota don inganta amincin samfura;

● Ingancin aiki
Ingancin mai sarrafawa na iya zama har zuwa kashi 98%, yawan ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, aikace-aikace sun fi sassauƙa;

● Tsarin kariya mai aminci
Matsayin kariya gaba ɗaya yana da girma kuma kewayon zafin aiki yana da faɗi, don haka zai iya dacewa da kowane irin yanayi mai tsauri na aikace-aikace.

Gabatarwa: Lokacin da ka haɗa abin hawa na lantarki (EV) a cikin tarin caji, ta yaya wutar lantarki mai canzawa (AC) ke canzawa zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) da batirin ke buƙata? "Jarumin da ba a taɓa jin sa ba" a bayan wannan muhimmin tsari na canzawa shine EV On-Board Charger (OBC). A matsayin "gada" da ke haɗa kayan aikin caji na waje da batirin, aikin OBC kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin caji, amincin tuƙi, da kewayon. Wannan labarin zai fassara asirin fasaha na wannan "core caja" gaba ɗaya ta hanyar bincika ma'anarsa, ayyukansa, ƙa'idodin aiki, da yanayin fasaha.

I. Ma'anar OBC: Mai Fassarar "Cajin Mota" ta EV

OBC (Caja a Kan Ajiyar Mota), a zahiri "caja a kan Ajiyar Mota," babban sashi ne a cikin tsarin tuƙi na lantarki na EV wanda ke da alhakin canza AC zuwa DC. A takaice dai, "mai canza wutar lantarki mai keɓewa" ne wanda ke sarrafa fitarwar AC (misali, caja na gida na 220V ko caja mai sauri na kasuwanci na 380V) ta hanyar caji tarin zuwa cikin DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai girma (misali, 400V/800V) da batirin ke buƙata ta hanyar gyarawa, tacewa, da canza wutar lantarki. Hakanan yana daidaita sigogin caji bisa ga yanayin baturi (misali, Yanayin Caji (SOC), zafin jiki) don tabbatar da caji mai aminci da inganci.

A taƙaice dai, OBC tana aiki kamar "mai fassara":

Shigarwa: AC daga tarin caji na waje;

​·IProcessing: Yana canza AC zuwa DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa ta hanyar lantarki mai ƙarfi;

​· IOutput: DC mai ƙarfi wanda aka tsara don buƙatun caji na baturi, yana ba da damar "caji daidai."

(Cajin AC)

II. Muhimman Ayyukan OBC: Kariya Biyu Don Inganta Caji da Tsaro

Ana iya taƙaita ayyukan OBC a matsayin "ƙarfin aiki guda uku + tsarin tallafi guda biyu," wanda ya shafi dukkan tsarin caji daga farko zuwa ƙarshe (duba Hoto na 1).

2.1 Aiki na 1: Canza Wuta—"Fassarar Daidaito" daga AC zuwa DC

Babban aikin OBC shine canza AC zuwa DC, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai uku: gyara → tacewa → canza ƙarfin lantarki.

​·Ictification: Yana canza AC (misali, 220V/50Hz) zuwa DC mai bugawa (tare da ma'aunin daidaitawa mai mahimmanci) ta amfani da gadar gyara diode.

Tacewa: Yana cire harmonics ta hanyar inductors (L) da capacitors (C) don fitar da DC mai santsi (ripple ≤5%).

Canjin Wutar Lantarki ta IV: Yana daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar na'urar canza DC-DC (misali, tsarin wutar lantarki na LLC) don dacewa da buƙatun caji na ƙwayoyin batirin kowane mutum (misali, 4.2V/cell).

Cikakkun Bayanan Fasaha: Yi amfani da OBC na Tesla Model 3 a matsayin misali. Ta amfani da SiC MOSFET + LLC resonant topology, yana canza 380V AC zuwa 400V DC tare da ingantaccen juyawa har zuwa 97% (idan aka kwatanta da 85%-90% don mafita na gargajiya na IGBT na silicon).

2.2 Aiki na 2: Ikon Caji—"Manajan Hankali" don Daidaita Canji Mai Sauƙi

OBC yana daidaita yanayin caji da ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar da ta dace bisa ga yanayin baturi (SOC, zafin jiki) da buƙatun mai amfani (caji mai sauri/sannu) don hana caji fiye da kima, zafi fiye da kima, ko ƙarancin caji. Manufar sarrafa sa ta haɗa da:

Cajin Wutar Lantarki Mai Dorewa (CC): A ƙarancin SOC (

Cajin Wutar Lantarki Mai Dorewa (CV): Yayin da SOC ke kusantowa cika (>80%), wutar lantarki tana raguwa (misali, 20A) don kiyaye ƙarfin lantarki mai dorewa (misali, 4.2V/cell).

​Rangwame na Zafin Jiki: Ana rage wutar lantarki ta caji a yanayin zafi mai yawa (>45°C) don guje wa kwararar zafi; a yanayin zafi mai ƙasa (

2.3 Aiki na 3: Kariyar Tsaro—"Mai Tsaro" na Tsarin Caji

An sanye shi da hanyoyin kariya da yawa don tabbatar da aminci:

Kariyar IOovervoltage/Undervoltage: Yana rage fitarwa ta atomatik idan ƙarfin shigarwa ya wuce 480V (cajin gaggawa na kasuwanci) ko kuma ya faɗi ƙasa da 90V (cajin gida).

Kariyar IOvercurrent: Yana kunna fiyu (1500A mai aiki da sauri) idan wutar lantarki ta caji ta wuce ƙimar da aka ƙima (misali, 200A).

Kariyar Da'ira Gajere: Yana cire haɗin wutar lantarki cikin 1ms idan aka gano gajeren da'ira (ƙarfin halin yanzu sau 10).

· Kula da Rufi: Ci gaba da duba juriyar rufi na da'irar babban ƙarfin lantarki (dole ne ya zama ≥100MΩ) don hana haɗarin zubewa.

(Cajin DC)

III. Ka'idar Aiki ta OBC: Sauya Matakai Huɗu daga AC zuwa DC

Ana iya sauƙaƙa ƙa'idar aikin OBC zuwa tsarin rufewa: ​Shigarwa → Gyara → Tace → Canjin Wutar Lantarki → Fitarwa.

3.1 Shigarwa: Karɓar AC na Waje

OBC yana haɗuwa da tarin caji ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin caji (misali, CCS, GB/T) don karɓar AC. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da mita sun bambanta da yanki (misali, 220V/50Hz ga gidajen China, 230V/50Hz ga gidajen Turai, 380V/50Hz ga masu caji masu sauri na kasuwanci).

3.2 Gyara: Canza AC zuwa DC mai juyawa

Gadar gyara diode (misali, mai gyara cikakken gada mai matakai uku) tana canza AC zuwa mai bugawa DC (tare da tsarin raƙuman ruwa marasa tsari da kuma manyan daidaito). Misali, AC mai matakai uku na 380V yana zama ~513V mai bugawa DC bayan gyarawa (V_DC = 1.35 × ƙarfin lantarki na layi).

3.3 Tacewa: Kawar da Harmonics don Smooth DC

Matatar LC (inductor + capacitor) tana cire harmonics masu yawan mita (misali, 10kHz–1MHz) daga bugun DC, tana fitar da DC mai santsi tare da ripple ≤5% (misali, 510V).

3.4 Canjin Wutar Lantarki: Daidaita Wutar Lantarki don Daidaita Bukatun Baturi

Mai canza DC-DC (misali, tsarin resonant na LLC, tsarin full-bridge mai canzawa a mataki) yana ɗaga DC mai santsi sama ko ƙasa zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki da batirin ke buƙata (misali, 400V/800V). Misali:

· OBC na Tesla Model 3 ya rage karfin wutar lantarki na 510V DC zuwa 400V don cajin tsarin batirinsa na 400V.

· Na'urar OBC ta Porsche Taycan tana tallafawa ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin 800V, tana cajin batirinta mai ƙarfin 800V kai tsaye.

3.5 Fitarwa: Tushen Wutar Lantarki Mai Sauƙi tare da Daidaitawa Mai Sauƙi

Ana aika DC na ƙarshe zuwa batirin ta hanyar bas mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. A halin yanzu, OBC yana ci gaba da sa ido kan yanayin batirin ta hanyar Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS) kuma yana daidaita yanayin fitarwa/ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi (misali, 100A yayin caji da sauri, 20A yayin caji a hankali).

(Tashar caji ta EV/tashar caji ta abin hawa mai amfani da wutar lantarki)

IV. Juyin Halittar Fasaha ta OBC: Daga Juyin Halittar "Rashin Inganci" zuwa Juyin Halittar "Caji Mai Sauri"

OBCs na farko, waɗanda aka iyakance su da na'urori masu amfani da silicon (misali, IGBTs), suna da inganci na 85%-90% kawai kuma ba su goyi bayan caji mai sauri ba (ƙarfin ≤7.2kW). Tare da amfani da na'urori masu faɗi (misali, SiC MOSFETs) da kuma yanayin wurare masu yawan mita, aikin OBC ya cimma "ingantattun abubuwa masu tsalle-tsalle":

4.1 Inganta Inganci: Daga 85% zuwa Sama da 97%

SiC MOSFETs suna da ƙarancin asarar watsawa da kashi 50% da kuma mafi girman mitoci na sauyawa (har zuwa 100kHz) fiye da silicon IGBTs, wanda hakan ke ƙara ingancin OBC fiye da kashi 97% (misali, OBC na Tesla Model 3 ya cimma kashi 97.5% na inganci).

4.2 Inganta Wutar Lantarki: Daga 7.2kW zuwa Sama da 350kW+

Tsarin da ke da yawan mitoci (misali, LLC resonance) yana rage girman sassan maganadisu, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara ƙarfi. Misalan sun haɗa da: [An cire takamaiman misalai don taƙaitawa]

4.3 Inganta Girman da Farashi: Tsarin Haɗaɗɗen Zane

Ta hanyar "haɗakar matakin guntu" (misali, haɗa OBC tare da masu canza DC-DC zuwa cikin module ɗaya), ƙarar OBC za ta ragu da kashi 30% kuma farashin zai ragu da kashi 20% (misali, OBC na BYD Han EV ya mamaye 0.05m³ kawai).

(Yanayin aiki na Caja a kan allo)

V. Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Nan Gaba: "Bayani Mai Kyau" da "Haɗaka" na OBC

Yayin da EVs suka rikide zuwa "tashoshin motsi masu hankali," ayyukan OBC da aiki za su ci gaba da haɓakawa. Manyan halaye guda uku sun cancanci kulawa:

(Firam ɗin Caja na Akan Ado)

VI: Haɗawa: "Haɗa Yankuna da Yawa" Tsarin Haɗaka

6.1 OBCs na gargajiya abubuwa ne da ba sa buƙatar gyara (masu yawa kuma masu tsada). OBCs na gaba za su cimma haɗin kai ta hanyar:

​·Haɗakar OBC + DC-DC: Haɗa caja da ke cikin jirgin tare da mai canza DC-DC zuwa cikin na'ura ɗaya (misali, na'urar caji ta "biyu-cikin-ɗaya" ta Tesla Model 3), rage girma da kashi 30% da farashi da kashi 20%.

Haɗin OBC + BMS: Saka sa ido kan yanayin baturi (misali, SOC, zafin jiki) don rage jinkirin sadarwa tare da BMS (daga 100ms zuwa 10ms).

6.2 Ingantaccen Inganci: Yaɗuwar dandamali masu ƙarfin lantarki mai girma na 800V da na'urorin da ke da faɗin iyaka

Tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin ...

6.3 Hankali: Juyin Halitta Mai Haɗaka da Tuki Mai Zaman Kanta

OBCs za su haɗa kai sosai da Tsarin Tuki Mai Zaman Kanta (ADS) don ba da damar "cajin da ake iya faɗi":

Hasashen Yanayin Hanya: Amfani da bayanan kewayawa na ADS (misali, caja mai sauri 3km a gaba) don dumama batirin kafin lokaci (inganta ingancin caji).

​· Daidaita Loads: Daidaita ƙarfin caji bisa ga buƙatun tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa (misali, rage wutar lantarki na ɗan lokaci don fifita ƙarfin mota yayin wucewa).

​·Haɓaka OTA: Sabunta algorithms na sarrafa OBC ta hanyar gajimare (misali, inganta dabarun caji cikin sauri) don ci gaba da haɓaka aiki.

Kammalawa

EV OBC ita ce "cibiya ta tsakiya" da ke haɗa caji ta waje zuwa batirin. Ci gaban fasaharsa yana ƙayyade ingancin caji kai tsaye, amincin tuƙi, da kuma tsawonsa. Daga farkon "masu sauya wutar lantarki marasa inganci" zuwa "tashoshin caji masu sauri na yau," juyin halittar OBC ba wai kawai ya hanzarta ɗaukar EV ba, har ma ya zama babban abin da ke ba da damar amfani da makamashi mai inganci a ƙarƙashin manufofin "dual carbon".

A nan gaba, tare da zurfafa haɗin kai, inganci mai kyau, da kuma fasahar zamani, OBC za ta ƙara buɗe damar EV, ta yadda "caji zai zama da sauri kamar yadda ake cika mai".