Injinan tuƙi na Pumbaa 160KW PMSM don abin hawa na lantarki PML160

1. Injin waya mai faɗi
• Tsarin naɗewa na motar yana canzawa a hankali daga waya mai zagaye zuwa waya mai faɗi, tare da babban saurin cika rami, gajerun ƙarewa, ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa da ƙarfin watsa zafi mai ƙarfi.

2. Tsarin rufin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi
• Injin yana ɗaukar sabbin kayan rufewa da hanyoyin aiki don biyan buƙatun mitar sauyawa mai yawa na masu sarrafa SiC don injunan da ke ƙara saurin gudu

3. Bearings masu sauri da nauyi masu kariya
• Tsarin motar yana amfani da bearings masu rufi, waɗanda zasu iya cika buƙatun ƙira na 24000RPM/min; Kuma yana iya hana samar da tsatsa ta lantarki ta bearings yadda ya kamata.

4. Injin mai sanyaya mai
• Injin yana amfani da tsarin sanyaya mai mai sauri, wanda ke rage ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige bayan an rage girmansa, wanda ba wai kawai yana inganta inganci ba, har ma yana inganta rayuwar sabis na tsarin.

5. Kyakkyawan aikin NVH
• Na'urar juyawar motar tana ɗaukar tsarin sandar da aka raba, wanda ke inganta NVH na tsarin motar yadda ya kamata

Dangane da dabarun duniya na "Dual Carbon" (Carbon Peak da Carbon Neutrality) da kuma saurin ci gaban masana'antar abin hawa na lantarki (EV), injin dindindin na magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), wanda aka san shi da inganci mai yawa, ƙanƙantawa, da yawan ƙarfi mai yawa, ya zama babban ɓangare na sabbin tsarin tuƙi na abin hawa na makamashi (NEV). Wannan labarin zai yi nazari sosai kan ƙimar asali da sabbin alkiblar PMSMs daga mahangar ƙa'idodin tsari, halayen lantarki, da aikace-aikacen fasaha.

I. Tsarin PMSM: Tsarin Haɗin gwiwa na Rotor da Stator

Tushen PMSM ya ƙunshi stator (sashi mai tsayawa) da kuma rotor (sashi mai juyawa). Tsarin haɗin gwiwarsu yana ƙayyade aikin injin kai tsaye.

Tsarin Stator
Kamar injinan gargajiya marasa daidaituwa, stator ɗin ya ƙunshi tsakiyar ƙarfe da kuma naɗaɗɗen matakai uku. Ana yin tsakiyar ƙarfen ta hanyar laminating zanen ƙarfe na silicon don rage asarar wutar lantarki. Naɗaɗɗen suna amfani da naɗaɗɗen tsari (U/V/W matakai uku), tare da adadin juyawa da yankin giciye da aka inganta bisa ga buƙatun wutar lantarki don haɓaka ingancin juyawar makamashin lantarki. Tsarin buɗe rami (misali, ramuka masu siffar pear, ramuka masu zagaye) a cikin tsakiyar ƙarfen stator yana rage ripple na cogging, yana inganta santsi na aiki.

Tsarin Rotor
Bambancin aiki a cikin PMSMs galibi ya samo asali ne daga nau'ikan rotor, tare da manyan rukuni biyu:

PMSM da aka Sanya a Sama (SPMSM): Magnets na dindindin suna da alaƙa da saman rotor, an rufe su da hannun riga mai kariya (misali, zare na carbon). Wannan ƙirar tana da tsari mai sauƙi da ƙarancin farashi amma tana da kunkuntar kewayon gudu mai rauni a fili, wanda hakan ya sa ta dace da yanayin ƙananan gudu (misali, bas ɗin lantarki).

PMSM na Cikin Gida (IPMSM): Ana saka maganadisu na dindindin a cikin na'urar juyawa (a cikin tsarin V, siffar U, ko radial). Ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfin rashin son aiki don taimakawa fitarwa, yana faɗaɗa kewayon saurin raunin filin sosai (har sau 2-3 saurin tushe) kuma yana haɓaka juriyar demagnetization. Wannan nau'in shine babban zaɓi ga motocin lantarki (misali, Tesla Model 3, BYD e-platform 3.0).

(Zane na Tsarin Cikin Gida na Mota)

II. Ka'idar Aiki: Asalin Shigar da Wutar Lantarki da Samar da Karfin Wuta

Aikin PMSM ya dogara ne akan Dokar Faraday ta Induction na Electromagnetic da hulɗar sandunan maganadisu. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai matakai uku (AC) a kan na'urorin stator, ana samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa. Magnet na dindindin na rotor (ko sandunan maganadisu da aka haɗa) suna bin wannan filin juyawa saboda ƙa'idar "jawo hankalin sandunan gaba", wanda ke cimma ingantaccen juyar da makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin inji.

(Zane-zanen Tsarin Mota)

III. Fa'idodin Fasaha da Nasarorin Amfani da Masana'antu

Idan aka kwatanta da injunan induction (IMs), PMSMs suna da manyan fa'idodi:

Babban Inganci: Ba tare da asarar motsin rai a cikin na'urar juyawa ba (asarar jan ƙarfe a cikin na'urar juyawa tana wakiltar kashi 20%–30% na IMs), PMSMs suna samun ƙimar inganci na 95%–97% (idan aka kwatanta da ~85%–90% ga IMs), wanda ke rage yawan amfani da makamashin EV sosai (yana inganta kewayon tuƙi da kashi 10%–15%).

Babban Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki: Magnets na dindindin suna ba da haɗin iska mai ɗorewa ba tare da buƙatar wutar lantarki mai motsawa ba, suna rage girma da kashi 30% idan aka kwatanta da IMs masu irin wannan ƙarfin—wanda ya dace da tsananin buƙatar EVs don ƙarancin sararin samaniya.

Faɗin Tsarin Sauri: Tare da sarrafa vector (Sarrafawa a Fagen, FOC), IPMSMs suna isar da fitarwa mai ƙarfi a ƙasa da saurin tushe (0-10,000 rpm) da kuma fitarwa mai ƙarfi a sama da saurin tushe (ta hanyar rauni a fagen don faɗaɗa gudu), suna rufe duk yanayin aiki daga farawa mai sauƙi zuwa tafiya mai sauri.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da PMSMs sosai a cikin EVs (misali, motar NIO ET7 mai ƙarfin 210kW), robots na masana'antu (drives masu inganci), kayan aikin gida (compressors na na'urar sanyaya iska mai canzawa), da sauran fannoni. Suna wakiltar sama da kashi 60% na kasuwar NEV, suna aiki a matsayin muhimmin tallafi na fasaha don burin "Dual Carbon".

IV. Yanayin Ci Gaban Nan Gaba: Kirkire-kirkire na Haɗin gwiwa a fannin Kayayyaki da Sarrafawa

Nasarorin fasaha a PMSMs suna ci gaba a manyan fannoni guda biyu:

Inganta Kayan Aiki: Ɗauki kayan maganadisu na dindindin masu ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da babban remanence da ƙarancin zafin jiki (misali, neodymium iron boron [NdFeB] N52), tare da ƙirar "ƙarfe mai rabe-rabe + inganta kewaye da maganadisu", don rage haɗarin rushewar maganadisu a yanayin zafi mai yawa (magance lalacewar aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya wuce 150°C).

Inganta Tsarin Aiki: Haɗa fasahar AI tare da Tsarin Hasashe (MPC) zuwa yanayin motsi na ji na ainihin lokaci (misali, rage haɗin kwararar ruwa, zafin lanƙwasawa) da kuma daidaita sigogin FOC ta hanyar canzawa, ƙara inganta inganci da aminci (ingancin da aka yi niyya ya wuce kashi 98%).

(Ka'idar Kulawa)

Kammalawa

A matsayin "zuciyar ƙarfin" motocin lantarki, sabbin abubuwa na tsarin gine-gine da ci gaba a fasahar sarrafa PMSM suna tura NEVs zuwa ga dogon zango, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da kuma hankali mai girma. A nan gaba, tare da tsarkake kayan ƙasa marasa ƙarfi, daidaitawa zuwa dandamali masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi na 800V, da kuma yaɗuwar ikon sarrafa AI, PMSMs za su ci gaba da jagorantar yanayin kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsarin tuƙi.