Injinan tuƙi na Pumbaa 350KW PMSM don abin hawa na lantarki PML350

1. Injin waya mai faɗi
• Tsarin naɗewa na motar yana canzawa a hankali daga waya mai zagaye zuwa waya mai faɗi, tare da babban saurin cika rami, gajerun ƙarewa, ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa da ƙarfin watsa zafi mai ƙarfi.

2. Tsarin rufin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi
• Injin yana ɗaukar sabbin kayan rufewa da hanyoyin aiki don biyan buƙatun mitar sauyawa mai yawa na masu sarrafa SiC don injunan da ke ƙara saurin gudu

•3. Bearings masu sauri da nauyi masu kariya daga iska
• Tsarin motar yana amfani da bearings masu rufi, waɗanda zasu iya cika buƙatun ƙira na 24000RPM/min; Kuma yana iya hana samar da tsatsa ta lantarki ta bearings yadda ya kamata.

4. Injin mai sanyaya mai
• Injin yana amfani da tsarin sanyaya mai mai sauri, wanda ke rage ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige bayan an rage girmansa, wanda ba wai kawai yana inganta inganci ba, har ma yana inganta rayuwar sabis na tsarin.

5. Kyakkyawan aikin NVH
• Na'urar juyawar motar tana ɗaukar tsarin sandar da aka raba, wanda ke inganta NVH na tsarin motar yadda ya kamata

Motar Daidaita Magnet ta Dindindin (PMSM) injin maganadisu ne na dindindin da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin motocin lantarki (EVs). Tare da inganci mafi girma na 15% fiye da injinan induction (IMs) da kuma mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki tsakanin injinan jan hankali, ya zama ginshiƙi na tsarin tuƙi na zamani na EV.

1. Menene Motar Daidaita Magana ta Dindindin (PMSM)?

A matsayin nau'in injin AC synchronous, PMSM yana samar da filin maganadisu ta hanyar maganadisu na dindindin waɗanda ke samar da ƙarfin sinusoidal counter-electromotive. Duk da yake yana raba tsarin stator da rotor tare da injinan induction, rotor na PMSM yana amfani da maganadisu na dindindin (PMs) maimakon windings na filin don samar da filin maganadisu - wanda hakan ya ba shi sunan madadin "motar sine-wave mai ƙarfi ta hanyar brushless three-phase permanent magnet."
Idan aka kwatanta da injinan gargajiya, PMSMs sun yi fice a inganci, ƙira mara gogewa, saurin juyawa mai yawa, aminci, da aiki mai ƙarfi. Suna ba da juriya mai santsi tare da ƙarancin amo, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da aikace-aikacen sauri mai girma kamar na'urorin robot. A matsayin injinan AC synchronous masu matakai uku, suna aiki tare da kayan wutar lantarki na waje na AC.

PMSMs ba su da na'urorin juyawa na rotor; maimakon haka, maganadisu na dindindin suna samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa kai tsaye. Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar motsawar DC, yana sauƙaƙa tsarin su da rage farashi. Babban sassan su sun haɗa da stator (tare da na'urorin juyawa na matakai uku) da rotor (tare da PMs). Ƙarfafa stator tare da aikin farawa na AC mai matakai uku.

Aikin PMSM yayi daidai da na injinan synchronous: yana dogara ne akan filin maganadisu mai juyawa (RMF) don haifar da ƙarfin lantarki a saurin daidaitawa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da AC mai matakai uku a kan na'urorin stator, RMF yana samuwa a cikin rata na iska. Yayin da PMs na rotor ke juyawa tare da wannan RMF, ana samar da karfin juyi. Abin lura shine, PMSMs ba sa farawa da kansu kuma suna buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa-mita don aiki.

2. Tsarin Motocin PMSM

Stator: Kamar injinan AC na gargajiya, stator na PMSM yana karɓar wuta ta hanyar naɗe-naɗensa. Waɗannan naɗe-naɗen galibi ana rarraba su a cikin ramuka da yawa a cikin tsarin kusan-sinusoidal don samar da siffa ta waveform na sinusoidal back-electromotive force (EMF).

Na'urar juyawa: Tsarin rotor yana bambanta PMSM daga injinan synchronous na asali. Maimakon naɗewar filin, rotor yana amfani da maganadisu na dindindin don samar da sandunan maganadisu. Kayan PM da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da samari-cobalt da neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) saboda yawan shigarsu da kuma ingancinsu. An rarraba PMSMs ta hanyar sanya PM:

PMSM da aka Sanya a Sama (SPM): Ana haɗa PMs ɗin zuwa saman rotor.

PMSM na ciki (IPM): An saka PMs a cikin na'urar juyawa. Tsarin IPM yana ba da ingantaccen aiki sosai.

(PMSM)

3. Ka'idojin Kulawa na PMSM

Na'urorin PMSM suna amfani da fasahar sarrafa vector ta gargajiya, suna ba da damar sarrafa saurin rufewa don daidaita daidaito. Tsarin rufewa yana amfani da ra'ayoyin sauri don bin diddigin matsayin na'urar juyawa a ainihin lokaci, yana tallafawa daidaita saurin mara matakai - gami da cikakken karfin juyi a sifili.

Ana sanya firikwensin matsayi (misali, mai ɓoyewa ko mai warwarewa) a kan shaft ɗin rotor don gano matsayin rotor. Ta amfani da sigogin motsi da ma'aunin halin yanzu (wanda Mai Sarrafa Siginar Dijital mai sauri, DSP) ke sarrafawa, drive ɗin yana lissafin matsayin rotor. A kowane tazara na samfurin samfuri, tsarin AC mai matakai uku ana canza shi zuwa tsarin daidaitawa biyu mai juyawa, inda ake rarraba kwararar zuwa sassan kai tsaye (d) da quadrature (q) don sarrafawa mai zaman kansa.

Dangane da dabarun sarrafa vector, drive ɗin yana samar da abubuwan da aka haɗa da ƙarfin lantarki na dq wanda aka daidaita da ƙarfin lantarki mai ma'ana. Ana amfani da waɗannan nassoshi don samar da siginar tuƙin ƙofa don inverter. Babban fa'ida shine saurin amsawar saurinsa: tasirin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da kwarara ana sarrafa su ta hanyar sarrafa haɗin gwiwa (daidaitaccen yanayin kwararar stator), yana ba da damar daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da kwararar mai zaman kansa. Duk da haka, wannan babban rikitarwa na lissafi yana buƙatar drive ɗin ya yi amfani da mai sarrafawa mai sauri ko DSP.

4. Amfani da rashin amfani na PMSM

Fa'idodi:

· Ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki mai yawa; ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce na injinan induction.

· Ingantaccen aiki (15% mafi kyau fiye da IMs) da ƙaramin girma (1/3 na yawan injunan gargajiya), yana sauƙaƙa shigarwa da kulawa.

· Yana isar da cikakken ƙarfin juyi a ƙananan gudu.

Asarar jan ƙarfe mai juyawa (babu motsin filin ta hanyar ƙarfin stator), rage samar da zafi da tsawaita tsawon rai.

· Tsarin da ba shi da gogewa yana kawar da na'urorin canza wutar lantarki, yana rage gogayya, lalacewa, da kuma kuɗin gyara yayin da yake guje wa haɗarin walƙiya a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

· Babban ƙarfin lantarki yana inganta ingantaccen aiki a faɗin tsarin kuma yana rage ƙarfin lantarki na layi/faɗuwa.

· Fitowar juyi mai santsi tare da kyakkyawan aiki mai ƙarfi.

Abubuwan da ba su da amfani:

· Farashi mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da injinan induction.

· Ba ya fara da kansa; yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa don farawa.

·Ana buƙatar tsarin sarrafawa mai rikitarwa don sarrafa kwararar stator.

(Motar tana aiki)

Kammalawa

Motar Daidaitaccen Magnet (PMSM) ta fito a matsayin babbar fasaha a cikin tsarin tuƙi na EV, wanda ingancinsa mara misaltuwa, yawan ƙarfinsa mai yawa, da kuma ingantaccen aiki mai ƙarfi. Ta hanyar kawar da lanƙwasa filin da gogewa ta hanyar motsa maganadisu na dindindin, PMSMs suna rage asara da haɓaka aminci. A halin yanzu, fasahar sarrafa vector tana ba da damar daidaita juyi da kwararar iska mai zaman kanta, tana isar da mahimman fasaloli kamar cikakken juyi mai sauri sifili da amsawa cikin sauri.

Duk da cewa PMSMs suna fuskantar ƙalubale—tsadar farashi mai yawa, buƙatun da ba sa buƙatar fara da kansu, da kuma tsarin sarrafawa mai rikitarwa—ikon da suke da shi a cikin EVs har yanzu ba ya girgiza. Ingancinsu (15% ya fi IMs kyau), ƙaramin girman (1/3 na yawan injunan gargajiya), da kuma riƙe ƙarfin juyi mai sauƙi ya sa su zama dole ga EVs masu dogon zango da aiki mai girma.

Yayin da ci gaban kayan da ba a saba gani ba (misali, NdFeB N52), tsarin sarrafawa da AI ke jagoranta (misali, tsarin hasashen samfuri), da dandamali masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi na 800V suka zama ruwan dare, PMSMs za su ci gaba da haɓaka—haɓaka farashi, aiki, da dorewa. Idan aka duba gaba, PMSMs za su ƙarfafa rawar da suke takawa a matsayin "zuciyar" EVs, suna haɓaka ƙirƙira a masana'antu da kuma tallafawa manufofin tsaka-tsakin carbon na duniya.